Introduction
The theme Gravitation, position for the first instance to the student's of the medium Teaching discernment according to the traditional method is, mine to see, improved best when we presented to proceed, some basic questions, much as:
Question 1
Under the gravitational point of view, as it was the world before Galileu, Kepler and Newton?
Answer 1
Let us begin with Plato, in the century IV A.C., once the pitagóricos didn't leave anything in writing but they transmitted their observations vocally only to the quite intelligent ones to see them.
The pitagóricos, however, they were guided by a mystic faith that simple denotive relationships govern the Universe and they affirmed: \"The center of the Universe is not the Earth, but the Sun... The Earth is just one of the stars that rotate around the Sun.\"
Plato taught that the stars were fixed, some in traffic to the other ones, and that you/they were on the surface of a very big sphere, inside of which was the rest of the Universe; the Sun, the Earth, the Moon and the known planets, as it is illustrated to proceed.
Plato said: \"The stars are eternal, divine and incurable and they move around of the Earth giving a turn, taking one period as one can see, describing the path of larger perfection: the circle.\"
After Plato, philosopher appears as the largest scientific illustration of the time, whose teachings module influence the humanity for individual centuries.
Aristotle said: \"The laws that govern the movements of the heavenly bodies are totally different from those that govern the movements of the worldly bodies.\"
Aristotle was a enthusiastic man, however, he had many defects for the which the development of the power was hindered for individual centuries. That is the enthusiastic evil when the is adopted 'word of the authority.'
In the century II D.C., Ptolemy appears making countless modifications in the geocentric model, trying to describe the movement of the planets for the famous theory of EPICICLOS. There is a historical sentence attributed to the king Afonso X, when he/she read Ptolemy's work: \"If the Creator had consulted myself, I would have made a simpler work.\"
We see, then, that the man, in his/her empáfia, took the Earth as the first meaning system, and big it was the fight of Copérnico to convince the scientists of the truth and naivety of the heliocentric theory.
Question 2
Which was the first effect in the changelessness of the Sky?
Answer 2
The first effect in the changelessness of the Sky was produced by the emergence of the stars called supernovas, observed, respectively, by Kepler and Galileu.
Now, according to Aristotle, the Earth it was corruptível, the uncertain Moon and the incurable Sky. How could it appear / finish something in the one what is unalterable?
He/she ratiocinated Galileu: \"For right, philosopher admitted the possibility of cosmic mutations in the low celestial areas, where they appeared comets and meteorites.\" Galileu demonstrates that the intruding star doesn't possess paralaxe, that is, his/her apparent position doesn't change in traffic to the observer's position on the Earth.
Now, the paralaxes modification with the indifference and, to the instance of Galileu, only the paralaxes of the planets were measurable. \"The fixed stars, bodies very moved away, they didn't have certain paralaxes\", it over Galileu. The supernova is a lot besides the orbit of the planets, in the superior orbit of the Universe, that cannot be unalterable.
Question 3
How did Newton prove the law of the universal gravitation?
Answer 3
Newton proved the results the one that arrived [\"Matter attracts matter in the candid equilibrium of their masses and in the oppositeness of the square of the indifference that separates their mass\" centers], in a very simple and engrossing way.
He knew that the forces are proportional to the accelerations [Really, that is a consequence of Newton's First Law], for a aforementioned mass, for instance, the one of the apple.
He/she said, then, Newton: Will it \"be that the force with what the Earth attracts the apple is not of the aforementioned nature of the force with what the Earth attracts the Moon?\".
